Italy - Papal States Manuscript with Bulla 1559-1565 Pius IV (Giovanni Angelo Medici)

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Obverse: Lettering down, SPA - SPE . Nimbate facing heads of St. Paul to left and St. Peter to right, with long cross in between.

Reverse: •PIVS• /•PA•PA• / •IIII•

Condition Bulla - Extremely fine with sharp details of the Saint Paul en Saint Peter.

Manuscript size :

"Pius IV: The Pope of Power, Betrayal, and Michelangelo’s Final Masterpieces"

When Pope Pius IV (1559–1565) took power, a conspiracy emerged against him, led by high-ranking officials, including Rome’s governor. The pope acted swiftly, ordering their public execution and displaying their heads on the Bridge of Sant’Angelo as a warning. His young nephew, Cardinal Charles Borromeo, horrified by the brutality, pleaded for mercy. Pius IV refused, viewing weakness as dangerous. This led Borromeo to withdraw from politics and dedicate himself to religious reform—eventually becoming one of the great figures of the Catholic Reformation.

Despite his political ruthlessness, Pius IV was also a patron of the arts. He personally worked with Michelangelo, then in his 80s, to complete St. Peter’s Basilica. Though the artist resented interference, Pius IV defended his vision against critics and ensured he remained chief architect. The pope also commissioned Michelangelo to restore the Baths of Diocletian, transforming them into the Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri, a masterpiece blending Roman ruins with Renaissance design.

Pius IV’s reign was marked by both blood and beauty—ruthlessly securing power while shaping Rome’s artistic and architectural legacy.

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