obv. Castle Tournois, surrounded by the legend ✠ TVRONVS CIVIS within dotted circle, surrounded by a border of 12 lily′s within double-lined arches. rev. Short cross pattée in dotted circle, surrounded by the legend ✠ KhAROLVS REX within dotted, surrounded by the legend BHDICTV⋮SIT•NOME•DЄI•NRIDNI•IVXP
variant: with the legend BHDICTV⋮SIT•NOME•DЄI•NRIDNI•IVXP (usually BHDICTV•SIT•NOME•DHI•NRI•DEI IHV•XPI) Charles IV was born in Prague in 1316, the eldest son of John of Luxembourg, King of Bohemia, and Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, a member of the Bohemian House of Přemyslid. He received an extensive royal education, learning several languages and spending time at the French court, which influenced his cultural development. In 1331, he gained some experience of warfare in Italy with his father. At the beginning of 1333, Charles went to Lucca (Tuscany) to consolidate his rule there. In an effort to defend the city, Charles founded the nearby fortress and the town of Montecarlo (Charles′ Mountain). From 1333, he administered the lands of the Bohemian Crown due to his father′s frequent absence and deteriorating eyesight. In 1334, Charles was named Margrave of Moravia, the traditional title for heirs to the throne. Two years later, he assumed the government of Tyrol on behalf of his brother, John Henry, and was soon actively involved in a struggle for the possession of this county. He was elected King of the Romans (King of Germany) in 1346 and became King of Bohemia in the same year. He was elected Roman king in opposition to emperor Louis IV the Bavarian by some of the prince-electors at Rhens. Charles IV was in a very weak position in Germany. Owing to the terms of his election, he was derisively referred to as a "Priests′ King" (Pfaffenkönig). Many bishops and nearly all of the Imperial cities remained loyal to Louis the Bavarian. Worse still, Charles backed the wrong side in the Hundred Years′ War, losing his father and many of his best knights at the Battle of Crécy in August 1346, with Charles himself escaping from the field wounded. Civil war in Germany was prevented, however, when Louis IV died on 11 October 1347, after suffering a stroke during a bear hunt. Having made good use of the difficulties of his opponents, Charles was again elected in Frankfurt on 17 June 1349 and re-crowned at Aachen on 25 July 1349. In 1355, he was crowned King of Italy (Milan) and Holy Roman Emperor (Rome). Through skillful diplomacy, he greatly expanded his dynastic power and gained additional crowns, including King of Lombardy and Burgundy. With his coronation as King of Burgundy at Arles in 1365, he became the crowned ruler of all the kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1357 the construction of a new stone bridge was started under the auspices of King Charles IV, crossing the Vltava river in Prague and connecting Prague Castle and the city′s Old Town. It was and finished in the early 15th century. The bridge replaced the old Judith Bridge built 1158–1172 that had been severely damaged by a flood in 1342. This new bridge was originally called Stone Bridge (Kamenný most) or Prague Bridge (Pražský most), but has been referred to as "Charles Bridge" since 1870.A highly educated diplomat, in 1348 he founded Charles University in Prague, the first university in Central Europe, and issued the Golden Bull of 1356, a foundational constitutional document for the Holy Roman Empire that regulated imperial elections. He established Prague as a major European cultural and political center. Charles IV is regarded as one of the most learned, diplomatic, and enlightened rulers of his time. His reign is considered a golden age for the Kingdom of Bohemia, solidifying its power and cultural influence. During his later years, the emperor took little part in German affairs beyond securing the election of his son Wenceslaus as king of the Romans in 1376, and negotiating a peace between the Swabian League of Cities and some nobles in 1378. After dividing his lands between his three sons and his nephews, he died in November 1378 at Prague, where he was buried.
In the past, this coin has also been assigned to Luxemburg and the mint Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen) Weiller, Etr., 250var. | Engel et serrure p. 1194var. de Mey 649var. (Aix-la-Chapelle ?) | Numista 108256var. Boudeau.1868 (Luxemburg) vf-
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