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AR Tetradrachm SELEUKID KINGDOM OF SYRIA - ANTIOCHOS IV EPIPHANES, 176-164 BC - Antiochia on the Orontes cf. CNG, Triton Sale XVIII, lot 153 (in xf USD 20.000 + 20%)
Munthandel G.Henzen 
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cf. CNG, Triton Sale XVIII, lot 153 (in xf USD 20.000 + 20%) | Abréviation
32,00 mm
weight 15,17gr. | silver Ø 32mm.
obv. Bearded head of Zeus right, wearing laurel wreath, within fillet border.
rev. Zeus Nikephoros seated left, holding Nikè in right hand and long scepter
in left, BAΣIΛEΩΣ ANTIOXOY on right, ΘEOY EΠIΦANOYΣ on left,
NIKHΦOPOY in exergue
Newell (SMA, p. 30) identifies the tetradrachms with the head of Zeus on the obverse as a special issue for the festival of Daphne. His theory depends heavily on the story that Antiochos IV erected an imitation of the celebrated Phidian cult statue at Olympia within the temple of Apollo at Daphne. But this story is now in disrepute (see Lacroix, BCH LVVIII, pp. 165-6). More recent scholarship suggests that this special issue, which introduces to his coinage the epithet NIKHΦOPOΣ (Bearer of Victory), was struck to commemorate Antiochos′ victorious return to Antioch following the conclusion of his second Egyptian campaign.
The heads of Zeus on these tetradrachms are of two types, one of them, as here offered, sharp featured and slightly archaizing, the other, softer and apparently with the features of Antiochos himself. A number of scholars have taken this as evidence that Antiochos identified himself with Zeus. However, Mørkholm (pp. 58-61), followed by Houghton (JPGMJ 10, p. 157), argues that the resemblance is the result of the tastes or habits of the engravers. Mørkholm furthermore contends that the resemblance of the Apollo heads as well disqualifies the notion of a divine identification. But this is to overlook the essentially syncretic nature of divine kingship, as is symbolized iconographically by coin portraits of Ptolemy III with attributes of three gods. In this context it should also be recalled that Antiochos IV introduced the radiate diadem to Seleukid coinage, a symbol of royal apotheosis that alludes to Helios, and added ΕΠΙΦΑΝΗΣ (God Manifest), to his royal titles.
cf. CNG, Triton Sale XVIII, lot 153 (in xf USD 20.000 + 20%)
BMC 22 | Newell SMA.63 | SC.1398 | SNG.Lockett 3128 | Dewing 2558
Jameson collection 1700 | Le Rider, Antioche, Series IIIA, 266–71
SNG.Copenhagen - | Boston MFA 2165 | Gulbenkian 1039
de Luynes 3313 | Mørkholm Series III, 14 | HGC 9, 621 RR
Minor traces of oxidation.
Impressive Zeus portrait. A very rare historical coin.
vf
obv. Bearded head of Zeus right, wearing laurel wreath, within fillet border.
rev. Zeus Nikephoros seated left, holding Nikè in right hand and long scepter
in left, BAΣIΛEΩΣ ANTIOXOY on right, ΘEOY EΠIΦANOYΣ on left,
NIKHΦOPOY in exergue
Newell (SMA, p. 30) identifies the tetradrachms with the head of Zeus on the obverse as a special issue for the festival of Daphne. His theory depends heavily on the story that Antiochos IV erected an imitation of the celebrated Phidian cult statue at Olympia within the temple of Apollo at Daphne. But this story is now in disrepute (see Lacroix, BCH LVVIII, pp. 165-6). More recent scholarship suggests that this special issue, which introduces to his coinage the epithet NIKHΦOPOΣ (Bearer of Victory), was struck to commemorate Antiochos′ victorious return to Antioch following the conclusion of his second Egyptian campaign.
The heads of Zeus on these tetradrachms are of two types, one of them, as here offered, sharp featured and slightly archaizing, the other, softer and apparently with the features of Antiochos himself. A number of scholars have taken this as evidence that Antiochos identified himself with Zeus. However, Mørkholm (pp. 58-61), followed by Houghton (JPGMJ 10, p. 157), argues that the resemblance is the result of the tastes or habits of the engravers. Mørkholm furthermore contends that the resemblance of the Apollo heads as well disqualifies the notion of a divine identification. But this is to overlook the essentially syncretic nature of divine kingship, as is symbolized iconographically by coin portraits of Ptolemy III with attributes of three gods. In this context it should also be recalled that Antiochos IV introduced the radiate diadem to Seleukid coinage, a symbol of royal apotheosis that alludes to Helios, and added ΕΠΙΦΑΝΗΣ (God Manifest), to his royal titles.
cf. CNG, Triton Sale XVIII, lot 153 (in xf USD 20.000 + 20%)
BMC 22 | Newell SMA.63 | SC.1398 | SNG.Lockett 3128 | Dewing 2558
Jameson collection 1700 | Le Rider, Antioche, Series IIIA, 266–71
SNG.Copenhagen - | Boston MFA 2165 | Gulbenkian 1039
de Luynes 3313 | Mørkholm Series III, 14 | HGC 9, 621 RR
Minor traces of oxidation.
Impressive Zeus portrait. A very rare historical coin.
vf
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