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AR Drachm SELEUKID EMPIRE - SELEUKOS II KALLINIKOS POGON, 246-225 BC - MESOPOTAMIA - Seleukia on the Tigris vf
Munthandel G.Henzen 
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vf | Abréviation
18,00 mm
weight 4,19gr. | silver Ø 18mm.
obv. Diademed head of Seleukos II right
rev. Apollo, nude, standing left, holding arrow in right hand and resting
her left ellebow on tripod, monogram in outer left field, monogram in
outer right field, BAΣIΛEΩΣ on right, ΣEΛEYKOY on left
Seleukia on the Tigris is named for Seleukos I Nikator, who enlarged an earlier settlement and made it the capital of his empire around 305 BC. It was the largest and most important of the many cities to bear its name but is sometimes distinguished as Seleukia on the Tigris (Latin: Seleucia ad Tigridem) from the name of its river. Although Seleukos soon moved his main capital to Antiochia on the Orontes, in northern Syria, Seleukia became an important center of trade, Hellenistic culture, and regional government under the Seleukids. The city was populated by Greeks, Syrians and Jews. To make his capital into a metropolis, Seleukos forced almost all inhabitants of Babylon, except the local temple priests/supporting workers, to leave and resettle in Seleukia. A tablet dated 275 BC states that the inhabitants of Babylon were transported to Seleukia, where a palace and a temple (Esagila) were built. Standing at the confluence of the Tigris River with a major canal from the Euphrates, Seleukia was placed to receive traffic from both great waterways. During the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, it was one of the great Hellenistic cities, comparable to Alexandria in Egypt, and greater than Syrian Antiochia. Excavations indicate that the walls of the city enclosed an area of at least 550 hectares (1,400 acres), equivalent to a square roughly 1.5 miles (2.5 kilometers) on a side. Based on this size, the population has been estimated to number over 100,000 initially and probably more later. Its surrounding region might have supported half a million people. In 141 BC, the Parthians under Mithridates I conquered the city, and Seleukia became the western capital of the Parthian Empire. Tacitus described its walls, and mentioned that it was, even under Parthian rule, a fully Hellenistic city. Ancient texts claim that the city had 600,000 inhabitants, and was ruled by a senate of 300 people. It was clearly one of the largest cities in the Western world only Rome, Alexandria, and possibly Antiochia were more populous. In 55 BC, a battle fought near Seleukia was crucial in establishing dynastic succession of the Arsacid kings. In this battle between the reigning Mithridates III (supported by a Roman army of Aulus Gabinius, governor of Syria) and the previously deposed Orodes II, the reigning monarch was defeated, allowing Orodes to re-establish himself as king. In 41 BC, Seleukia was the scene of a massacre of around 5,000 Babylonian Jewish refugees (Josephus, Ant. xviii. 9, § 9). In 117 AD, Seleucia was burned down by the Roman emperor Trajanus during his conquest of Mesopotamia, but the following year it was ceded back to the Parthians by Trajan′s successor, Hadrianus, then rebuilt in the Parthian style. It was completely destroyed by the Roman general Avidius Cassius in 165. BMC- | SNG.Copenhagen - | cf. Newell WSM.210B
Houghton & Lorber (SC) 766-2 | Sear- (cf. 6899)
cf. HGC 9, no. 307g (R3) RRR
Extremely rare coin with attractive portrait.
vf
obv. Diademed head of Seleukos II right
rev. Apollo, nude, standing left, holding arrow in right hand and resting
her left ellebow on tripod, monogram in outer left field, monogram in
outer right field, BAΣIΛEΩΣ on right, ΣEΛEYKOY on left
Seleukia on the Tigris is named for Seleukos I Nikator, who enlarged an earlier settlement and made it the capital of his empire around 305 BC. It was the largest and most important of the many cities to bear its name but is sometimes distinguished as Seleukia on the Tigris (Latin: Seleucia ad Tigridem) from the name of its river. Although Seleukos soon moved his main capital to Antiochia on the Orontes, in northern Syria, Seleukia became an important center of trade, Hellenistic culture, and regional government under the Seleukids. The city was populated by Greeks, Syrians and Jews. To make his capital into a metropolis, Seleukos forced almost all inhabitants of Babylon, except the local temple priests/supporting workers, to leave and resettle in Seleukia. A tablet dated 275 BC states that the inhabitants of Babylon were transported to Seleukia, where a palace and a temple (Esagila) were built. Standing at the confluence of the Tigris River with a major canal from the Euphrates, Seleukia was placed to receive traffic from both great waterways. During the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, it was one of the great Hellenistic cities, comparable to Alexandria in Egypt, and greater than Syrian Antiochia. Excavations indicate that the walls of the city enclosed an area of at least 550 hectares (1,400 acres), equivalent to a square roughly 1.5 miles (2.5 kilometers) on a side. Based on this size, the population has been estimated to number over 100,000 initially and probably more later. Its surrounding region might have supported half a million people. In 141 BC, the Parthians under Mithridates I conquered the city, and Seleukia became the western capital of the Parthian Empire. Tacitus described its walls, and mentioned that it was, even under Parthian rule, a fully Hellenistic city. Ancient texts claim that the city had 600,000 inhabitants, and was ruled by a senate of 300 people. It was clearly one of the largest cities in the Western world only Rome, Alexandria, and possibly Antiochia were more populous. In 55 BC, a battle fought near Seleukia was crucial in establishing dynastic succession of the Arsacid kings. In this battle between the reigning Mithridates III (supported by a Roman army of Aulus Gabinius, governor of Syria) and the previously deposed Orodes II, the reigning monarch was defeated, allowing Orodes to re-establish himself as king. In 41 BC, Seleukia was the scene of a massacre of around 5,000 Babylonian Jewish refugees (Josephus, Ant. xviii. 9, § 9). In 117 AD, Seleucia was burned down by the Roman emperor Trajanus during his conquest of Mesopotamia, but the following year it was ceded back to the Parthians by Trajan′s successor, Hadrianus, then rebuilt in the Parthian style. It was completely destroyed by the Roman general Avidius Cassius in 165. BMC- | SNG.Copenhagen - | cf. Newell WSM.210B
Houghton & Lorber (SC) 766-2 | Sear- (cf. 6899)
cf. HGC 9, no. 307g (R3) RRR
Extremely rare coin with attractive portrait.
vf
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